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Textual variants in the Epistle to the Galatians are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Things 2 8 12. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given below.
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Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as 'he said' becoming 'Jesus said'). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus[1][2] which was based on 'nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts.'[3] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.[4]
Legend[edit]
A guide to the symbols used in the body of this article.
- number beginning with '0': uncial
- number not beginning with '0': minuscule
- Byz: Byzantine text-type
- cop: Coptic versions
- eth: Ethiopian versions
- ƒ: Family
- geo: Georgian versions
- it: Itala (Old Latin/Vetus Latina)
- lat: Vulgate and some Itala versions
- ?: Majority Text
- mss: manuscripts
- : papyrus
- ℓ or Lect.: lectionary
- rell: reliqui; 'all other manuscripts'
- slav: Slavic versions
- syr: Syriac versions
- TR: Textus Receptus
- vg: Vulgate
Notable manuscripts[edit]
- א: Codex Sinaiticus (01)
- A: Codex Alexandrinus (02)
- B: Codex Vaticanus (03)
- C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (04)
- Dp (D): Codex Claromontanus (06)
- Fp (F): Codex Augiensis (010)
- Gp (G): Codex Boernerianus (012)
- Kap (K): Codex Mosquensis I (018)
- Lap (L): Codex Angelicus (020)
- Papr (P): Codex Porphyrianus (025)
- Ψ: Codex Athous Lavrensis (044)
- g1: Codex Sangermanensis I
Notable textual variants[edit]
Galatians 2:20
- υιου του θεου – א, A, C, D2, Ψ
- θεου και Χριστου – B, D*, F, G, (b)
Galatians 2:20
- αγαπησαντος – all mss.
- αγορασαντος – Marcion
Textual 6 6 0 8 Serial
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- ἐπαγγελίαν – א, A, B, C, D2, K, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 88mg, 104, 181, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 2127, 2492, 2465, Byz, Lect, it, vg. syr, cop, arm
- εὐλογίαν – 46, D*, Fgr, G, 88*, it
Galatians 5:21 Skype 8 52 0 138 millimeters.
- φθόνοι – 46, א, B, 33, 81, 2492, ℓ603, ℓ809, it, copsa
- φθόνοι φόνοι – A, C, D, G, K, P, Ψ, 0122, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1985, 2127, 2495, Byz, Lect
Galatians 6:2
- αναπληρωσετε – B G 1962 it vg syrp,pal copsa,bo goth eth
- αποπληρωσετε – 46
- αναπληρωσατε – א, A, C, Dgr, K, P, Ψ, 0122, 33, 81, 88, 104, 181, Byz
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Adam Fox 1954, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 105–15.
- ^John Mill 1707, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS Oxford.
- ^Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p. 154
- ^Peter J. Gurry, 2016, 'The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate' New Testament Studies 62.1, p. 113
Further reading[edit]
- Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine, ed. E. Nestle, K. Aland 1981, Stuttgart.
- Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005), The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (4th ed.), New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bart D. Ehrman 1996, 'The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture. The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament', Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, pp. 223–27.
- Bruce M. Metzger 1994, 'A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament', United Bible Societies, London & New York.
External links[edit]
- Variantes textuais(in Portuguese)
Textual 6 6 0 8 Fraction
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